川普當選後老美的想法

 GCIOSGF Newsletter 會訊：

From FT

Edit: OF

America wants Trump — no ifs or buts 

美國想要川普——沒有如果或但是 

From FT

Edit: OF

卡瑪拉哈里斯的氛圍、快樂、樂觀和好萊塢式的微笑就到此為止了。美國拒絕了這筆交易。四年前，獲勝的喬·拜登將唐納德·特朗普視為“異常時刻”。鑑於川普有公平的機會贏得普選，除了美國的選舉人團之外，歷史現在肯定會將這一頭銜授予拜登。畢竟，川普是美國歷史上最著名、調查最多的提名人之一。選他一次可能是意外；兩次這樣做都是睜大眼睛的。川普是合法的下一任美國總統。 

問題是為什麼？故事的很大一部分是，足夠多的美國人想要川普所推銷的東西：大規模驅逐非法移民、結束全球化以及對自由派精英經常自我嘲諷的身份認同方式（更廣為人知的說法是“覺醒」）豎起中指。所有這些都超過了選民對川普性格的任何懷疑。美國似乎可能會選出一名被定罪的重罪犯，他也因試圖推翻上次選舉而被起訴，而且是獨裁者的公開崇拜者，這可以用以下兩種方式之一來解釋。要嘛選民沒有認真對待川普帶來的風險，要嘛他們確切地知道自己讓這個國家陷入什麼境地，但仍然寧願一切照舊。 

不管怎樣，川普的連任對民主黨來說都是一場生死存亡的災難。對美國的盟友來說，這也是歷史性的遊戲規則改變者。民主的相互指責將會密集且快速地到來。任何事後分析肯定會突顯這樣一個事實：明顯患病的拜登等了太久才放棄黨內提名。如果拜登提前六個月退出，民主黨將有時間找到比哈里斯更好的候選人。也許進行真正的初選並沒有什麼不同。公平地說，哈里斯的競選活動進展順利，在唯一的辯論中擊敗了川普，並團結了民主黨人支持她。但每當談話轉向經濟時，她充其量只是平庸——這是她盡力避免的話題。缺乏令人信服的經濟敘事將是任何美國選舉的一大缺陷。競爭性初選會發現這一點。 

哈里斯如此順利地繼承了王位，但她幾乎沒有時間和動力來糾正自己的缺陷。然而，她仍然可以創造一個「索爾賈修女時刻」來證明她不是柏克萊的激進分子。比爾·克林頓 (Bill Clinton) 1992 年對這位同名黑人作家的批評表明，他不是一個老式的自由主義者，這有助於他當選。哈里斯在她短暫的 16 週競選期間小心翼翼地避免與更古怪的進步事業聯繫在一起。但她並沒有令人信服地否認她先前對開放邊界和取消警察經費等的支持。  

拜登也可能因過度解讀他 2020 年的勝利而受到指責。這是川普對冠狀病毒大流行處理不當的結果，而不是對美國民主健康狀況的擔憂。拜登承諾結束疫情並恢復美國政治正常而獲勝。然而，在獲得提名和就職期間，拜登開始相信他擁有徹底改變的許可。他多餘的 1.9 兆美元刺激措施加劇了因供應方中斷而本已上升的通膨。可以肯定的是，川普對美國憲法秩序構成了深遠的威脅——就像他現在服用類固醇一樣。然而，拜登選擇的司法部長梅里克·加蘭並不急於追究川普的責任。歷史學家將會對此感到困惑。 

就像希拉蕊·柯林頓 2016 年的失敗一樣，哈里斯的失敗也有很多痕跡。但這次指責外國不良行為者會困難得多。俄羅斯總統普丁無疑會看到川普連任的巨大優勢，尤其是在烏克蘭。然而，是美國人在沒有明顯幫助的情況下讓川普重新上台。不管怎樣，民主黨的指責遊戲對於理解接下來會發生什麼事都是次要的。川普發誓要報復，他是認真的。 

共和黨完全有可能贏得三連勝：總統職位、參議院（現在已經確定）和眾議院，眾議院仍然懸而未決。如果共和黨完全控制國會山莊，川普的行政權力將受到很少的製衡。美國最高法院在7月裁定川普對其作為總統的行為享有全面豁免權時，已經給川普開了相當於一張司法空白支票。 

美國已經度過了一個決定性的轉捩點。如果認為川普在發誓要追擊敵人時言不由衷，那就太魯莽了。如果認為他會因為國家 50:50 的分裂而感到受到任何限制，那也是一種妄想。川普有權以難以想像的破壞性方式徹底改革美國。美國 2024 年大選的震撼性結果將無法逆轉。

So much for Kamala Harris’s vibes, joy, optimism and Hollywood smile. America has rejected the sale. Four years ago, a victorious Joe Biden wrote off Donald Trump as an “aberrant moment”. Given that Trump has a fair chance of winning the popular vote, in addition to America’s electoral college, history will surely now award that designation to Biden. Trump, after all, is among the most-known and highly investigated nominees in US history. To elect him once may have been an accident; to do so twice came with eyes wide open. Trump is legitimately the next president of the United States. 

The question is why? A large part of the story is that a sufficient number of Americans want what Trump is selling: mass deportation of illegal immigrants, an end to globalisation and a middle finger to the liberal elite’s often self-parodying approach to identity, better known as wokeness. All of this outweighed whatever doubts voters had about Trump’s character. That the US seems likely to elect a convicted felon, who is also indicted for attempting to overthrow the last election and is an overt admirer of autocrats, can be interpreted in one of two ways. Either voters do not take the risk that Trump poses seriously, or they know exactly what they are letting the country in for but still prefer it to business as usual. 

Either way, Trump’s re-election is an existential disaster for Democrats. It is also a historic game-changer for America’s allies. Democratic recriminations will come thick and fast. Any postmortem will surely highlight the fact that a visibly ailing Biden waited far too long to relinquish his party’s nomination. Had Biden bowed out six months earlier, Democrats would have had time to find a better prospect than Harris. Perhaps having a real primary contest would have made no difference. To be fair to Harris, she ran a well-oiled campaign, beat Trump in their sole debate and united Democrats behind her. But she was at best mediocre whenever the conversation veered on to the economy — a topic she did her best to avoid. Lacking a compelling economic narrative would be a big flaw in any US election. Competitive primaries would have found that out. 

Having so seamlessly inherited the crown, Harris had little time and incentive to correct her deficiencies. Yet she could still have confected a “Sister Souljah moment” to prove she was no Berkeley radical. Bill Clinton’s critique of the eponymous Black author in 1992 showcased that he was not an old-fashioned liberal, which helped make him electable. Harris was careful to avoid association with the more outlandish progressive causes during her brief 16-week campaign. But she did not convincingly repudiate her earlier support for open borders and defunding the police, for example.  

Biden can also be blamed for over-interpreting his 2020 victory. This was a result of Trump’s mishandling of the coronavirus pandemic, not worries about the health of US democracy. Biden won by promising to end the pandemic and restore normality to US politics. Somewhere between his nomination and his inauguration, however, Biden started to believe he had a licence for sweeping change. His superfluous $1.9tn stimulus poured fuel on inflation that was already rising because of supply-side disruptions. To be sure, Trump posed a profound threat to US constitutional order — as he now does on steroids. Yet in Merrick Garland, Biden chose an attorney-general who was in no hurry to hold Trump to account. Historians will puzzle about that. 

Much as with Hillary Clinton’s 2016 loss, there are many fingerprints on Harris’s defeat. But it will be far harder this time to blame foreign bad actors. Russia’s Vladimir Putin will doubtless see huge advantages to Trump’s re-election, notably in Ukraine. Yet it was Americans who put Trump back in office without obvious help. Either way, the Democratic blame game will be secondary to understanding what is coming next. Trump has vowed retribution and he means it. 

It is entirely possible that Republicans will win a trifecta: the presidency, the Senate, which is now a certainty, and the House of Representatives, which remains in the balance. Should Republicans take full control of Capitol Hill, there will be scant check on Trump’s executive authority. The US Supreme Court already wrote Trump the equivalent of a judicial blank cheque when it ruled in July that he had sweeping immunity for his actions as president. 

America has turned a decisive corner. It would be foolhardy to suppose that Trump did not mean what he said when he vowed to come after his enemies. It would also be delusional to think that he will in any way feel constrained by his country’s 50-50 split. Trump has a mandate to overhaul the US in unimaginably disruptive ways. There will be no going back from the seismic outcome of America’s 2024 election.

 

願GCIOSGF所有會員們活出精彩！

GCIOSGF Newsletter 會訊：

The words of GCIOSGF WP

 

Only when people please themselves can they please others

May we all be like books

Beautiful cover and exciting content

No matter what age we are

Live our most beautiful life

人人悅己才能悅人

願我們都如書一樣

封面漂亮 內容精彩

不管在哪個年紀

都活成最美的模樣

你不知道的靈界之事

 When people die, they become ghosts. What do ghosts become when they die? Where was the money burned to Tiandi Bank deposited? by春秋記史

Edit: OF

人死了變成鬼，鬼死變成了什麼？燒給天地銀行的錢都存到哪​​裡了？

特別聲明：本文內容均引用權威資料結合個人觀點撰寫，文末已標註文獻來源及截圖，請知悉。

在中國傳統文化中，死亡並不是生命的終點，而是一個新的開始，人死後會變成鬼，而鬼的生活也並非一成不變。

你可能聽過逝者會在陰間繼續「生活」的說法，而親人透過燒紙錢等方式，給他們「寄錢」過日子。

那麼，鬼的世界到底是怎麼樣的呢？那些燒給「天地銀行」的錢又存到哪裡了？更令人好奇的是，鬼死了之後會變成什麼？神秘的冥界背後，究竟隱藏著怎樣的規則與秘密？

人死了就是鬼？

早在春秋時期，中國的生死觀念就已經開始成型，最早的「魂魄二元論」就是那個時代的產物。

這個理論由子產提出，他認為，人死了之後，魂和魄會分離：魂歸天，魄歸地。意思是，人的靈魂會飛向天界，身體則歸於泥土，因此死亡並非完全的消亡，而是生命形式的轉變。

這種觀念在漢代得到了進一步發展，當時的人們相信，亡者的魂魄會進入一個類似人間的冥府，繼續他們的生活，於是漢朝的喪葬儀式和墓葬文化就變得極其隆重，皇帝和貴族們尤其熱衷於厚葬，他們相信透過精美的陪葬品，能讓死者在另一個世界過得更好。

孔子曾說：“生，事之以禮；死，葬之以禮，祭之以禮。”

意思是，活著的人要用禮儀侍奉，死後也是一樣，喪葬禮儀不只是給活著的人一個交代，更是為了安頓亡者的魂魄，避免他們變成惡鬼回來騷擾生者。

說到漢代，那真是個講究“長生不老”的時代，漢武帝就是一位響噹噹的“長生狂熱愛好者”，甚至派遣張騫出使西域，尋找傳說中的崑崙山，想找一種叫“不死藥」的東西。

據說崑崙山上住著一位仙女－西王母，掌管長生的秘密，西王母並不是什麼救世主，而更像是一個生活在崑崙山上的高貴仙女，周圍圍繞著各種奇異的靈獸。

漢武帝對長生的渴望不僅止於此，他還熱衷於在泰山舉行封禪大典，而這個儀式象徵著與天溝通，祈求長壽和永生。

但儘管皇帝們希望透過各種手段成仙，歷史上卻沒有哪位皇帝真的獲得了永生，漢哀帝時期，甚至還爆發了「行西王母詔籌」事件，關東一帶的百姓因為頻繁的災害陷入末日恐慌，紛紛求助西王母，希望她能帶來轉機。

以至於成仙雖是漢代皇帝的夢想，但更多普通百姓卻只是想讓死者在另一個世界過上好日子，於是，厚葬和燒紙錢這樣的風俗就流傳了下來。

說到鬼的生活，就不得不說說冥府這個神秘的地方，在漢代冥府的概念已經非常成熟，冥府被描繪成一個類似人間的官僚系統，亡者在陰間也要按照規矩辦事。

馬王堆出土的帛畫上就描繪了地下、人間和天堂的分層結構，墓中的「遣策」文書也表明，古人相信地下世界有一套和人間類似的秩序和法律。

亡者進入冥府後，要經過一連串的審判，冥府的官僚體系非常複雜，十殿閻羅負責對亡者進行審判。

亡魂要在「孽鏡台」前照出自己生前的善惡，罪孽深重的亡魂要經過各殿的審判，最後決定他們的去處。

冥府的審判過程有嚴格的時間節點，例如「頭七」、「末七」等，整個過程持續四十九天，最後確定亡者的歸宿，這也就是為什麼民間傳說中，頭七是亡魂回家的日子。

有趣的是，冥府的官員也像人間的官僚一樣，存在著賄賂現象，生者可以透過燒紙錢賄賂冥府的官差，為亡者謀得一些好處，這種現像不僅反映了當時人們對冥界的想像，也折射出了人間社會的現實。

到了唐宋時期，一種叫“壽生寄庫”的儀式在民間流行起來，它的背後是一個有趣的信仰：人一出生，就像從冥府裡借了一筆“壽生錢”，這筆錢會在陽間慢慢用完，等到錢用光了，生命就結束了。

但透過「壽生寄庫」這種儀式，人們可以把錢「存」到冥府的庫房裡，累積陰間的福報，確保來世有個好投胎。

這個儀式的本質，就像是一個金融契約，你可以理解為，生者透過燒紙錢、誦經等方式，把陽間的「財富」寄到陰間的銀行里，為亡者積累福報，避免他們在陰間受苦，而這種儀式反映了唐宋時期人們對陰間生活的想像，也體現了那個時代商業和契約觀念的興起。

「壽生寄庫」不僅僅是為亡者準備的，生者也可以透過這個儀式為自己積累陰間的“存款”，當時的人相信，陰間和陽間一樣，都是需要錢來維持生活的。

透過“寄庫”，生者可以提前為自己預留一筆“陰間存款”，確保自己死後在冥府過上舒適的生活。

幽冥文化的世俗化

在漢代之後，隨著佛教和道教的影響逐漸加強，關於冥界的觀念也變得更加複雜，道教主張透過修煉成仙，飛升而去，而佛教則帶來了地獄審判和輪迴的觀念。

在佛教的影響下，死亡不再是簡單的轉變，而是變成了一場審判。

佛教的輪迴觀念深入人心，亡者要經過地府的閻羅王審判，根據他們生前的善惡決定是進入極樂世界，還是受刑後轉世投胎。

佛教也帶來了地藏王菩薩的信仰，他被認為是冥界的主宰，負責超度亡魂，道教則崇拜酆都大帝或泰山府君，認為他們是冥界的統治者。

兩種宗教的融合，形成了中國特有的「十殿閻羅」審判體系，十殿閻羅分別負責不同的審判，亡魂要按照他們生前的行為接受裁決，有些人會下地獄受刑，有些人則會進入輪迴，等待下一次的投胎轉世。

說到冥府，大家可能最熟悉的就是燒紙錢的習俗了，在中國的傳統文化裡，亡者在陰間也需要錢財，生者透過燒紙錢的方式，給他們寄去陰間的「生活費」。

這些紙錢並不是普通的紙，而是經過一系列儀式「轉化」成了冥府的貨幣。

你可能會好奇，燒給亡者的錢都去哪了？

根據民間的說法，這些錢會被存到冥府的銀行里，亡者可以用來賄賂冥府的官員，或者購買陰間的物資，冥府的官員也像人間的官員一樣，收錢辦事，只要你錢燒得夠多，亡者也能在陰間過得舒適一點。

這個習俗不僅反映了人們對亡者的關心，也折射出了人間社會的現實，在陽間，錢能解決很多問題，在陰間也是如此，透過這種方式，生者可以幫助亡者在冥府裡過上好日子，避免他們在陰間受罰。

那麼鬼死了會變成什麼呢？

那麼，鬼死了會變成什麼呢？這個問題其實並沒有一個明確的答案。

在中國的傳統文化裡，鬼並不是永生的，根據不同的宗教和信仰，亡者的魂魄可能會經歷不同的命運。

有些人透過修煉成仙，飛升而去；有些人則進入輪迴，等待下一次的轉世，至於燒給「天地銀行」的錢，也許只是人們對亡者的一種情感寄託。

不管怎麼說，死亡並不是終點，在中國的生死觀中，生與死是一個不斷循環的過程，而冥府則是這個循環中的一個重要環節，它既是亡者的歸宿，也是生者和亡者之間的橋樑。

參考資料：

1.祭祀燒的」錢」都存到哪裡了：古代中國的幽冥觀念與壽生信仰2023-02-07 11:25·新京報

2.劉益民評《儲蓄來生：宋代以來的壽生寄庫信仰》｜為生者燒紙錢2022-12-30 11:00·澎湃新聞

3.欒保群談中國古代的幽冥文化2018-04-15 11:36·澎湃新聞

When people die, they become ghosts. What do ghosts become when they die? Where was the money burned to Tiandi Bank deposited?

Special statement: The contents of this article are written with authoritative information and personal opinions. The source of the literature and screenshots have been marked at the end of the article. Please be informed.

In traditional Chinese culture, death is not the end of life, but a new beginning. People turn into ghosts after death, and the lives of ghosts are not static.

You may have heard that the deceased will continue to "live" in the afterlife, and relatives will "send money" to them by burning paper money and other methods to live on.

So, what is the world of ghosts like? Where was the money burned to the "Tiandi Bank" deposited? What is even more curious is, what will the ghost become after death? What kind of rules and secrets are hidden behind the mysterious underworld?

When a person dies, he becomes a ghost?

As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, China's concept of life and death had begun to take shape, and the earliest "soul dualism" was a product of that era.

This theory was proposed by Zichan, who believed that after death, the soul and soul will separate: the soul returns to heaven and the soul returns to earth. This means that the human soul will fly to heaven and the body will return to the earth. Therefore, death is not a complete demise, but a transformation of life forms.

This concept was further developed in the Han Dynasty. People at that time believed that the souls of the deceased would enter a Hades similar to the human world and continue their lives. Therefore, the funeral rituals and tomb culture of the Han Dynasty became extremely grand, and the emperors and nobles They are particularly keen on lavish burials. They believe that through exquisite burial objects, the deceased can live a better life in the other world.

Confucius once said: "In life, things should be done with propriety; in death, burial should be done with propriety, and sacrifices should be done with propriety."

This means that living people must be served with etiquette, and the same applies after death. Funeral rituals are not only to give an explanation to the living people, but also to settle the souls of the dead and prevent them from turning into evil ghosts and coming back to harass the living.

Speaking of the Han Dynasty, it was really an era that emphasized "immortality." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a well-known "immortality enthusiast" and even sent Zhang Qian as an envoy to the Western Regions to search for the legendary Kunlun Mountains, hoping to find a kind of "immortality". Medicine" stuff.

It is said that there is a fairy living on the Kunlun Mountains, the Queen Mother of the West, who is in charge of the secret of immortality. The Queen Mother of the West is not a savior, but more like a noble fairy living on the Kunlun Mountains, surrounded by various strange spiritual beasts.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's desire for immortality did not stop there. He was also keen to hold a Zen ceremony on Mount Tai, and this ceremony symbolized communication with heaven and prayed for longevity and immortality.

But although emperors hoped to become immortals through various means, no emperor in history really achieved immortality. During the period of Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty, the "Edict of the Queen Mother of the West" even broke out. The people in the Kanto area were affected by frequent disasters. Caught in a doomsday panic, they all turned to Queen Mother Xi, hoping that she could bring about a turn for the better.

Even though becoming an immortal was the dream of the emperors of the Han Dynasty, more ordinary people just wanted the deceased to live a good life in another world. Therefore, customs such as lavish burials and burning paper money were passed down.

When talking about the life of ghosts, we have to talk about the mysterious place of Hades. In the Han Dynasty, the concept of Hades was very mature. Hades was described as a bureaucracy similar to the human world, and the dead had to follow the rules in the underworld.

The silk paintings unearthed in Mawangdui depict the hierarchical structure of the underground, human world and heaven. The "Qi Ce" document in the tomb also shows that the ancients believed that the underground world had a set of order and laws similar to those on earth.

After the deceased enters the underworld, he must go through a series of trials. The bureaucracy of the underworld is very complicated. The Tenth Hall of Hell is responsible for judging the deceased.

The souls of the dead must reflect their good and evil deeds in life in front of the "Mirror of Sin". The souls of the dead who have committed serious sins must go through the trials of various halls and finally decide their whereabouts.

The trial process in Hades has strict time nodes, such as the "First Seven", "Last Seven", etc. The whole process lasts for forty-nine days, and the final destination of the deceased is determined. This is why in folklore, the first seven are the souls of the deceased returning home. days.

Interestingly, officials in the underworld are like bureaucrats in the human world. There is a phenomenon of bribery. The living can bribe the officials in the underworld by burning paper money to obtain some benefits for the deceased. This phenomenon not only reflects people’s view of the underworld at that time. Imagination also reflects the reality of human society.

In the Tang and Song Dynasties, a ritual called "Shou Sheng Ji Ku" became popular among the people. Behind it is an interesting belief: when a person is born, it is like borrowing a "Shou Sheng Money" from the underworld. It will be used up slowly in the earthly world. When the money runs out, life will be over.

But through the ritual of "Shou Sheng Deposit", people can "deposit" money into the warehouse of the underworld to accumulate blessings in the underworld and ensure a good reincarnation in the next life.

The essence of this ceremony is like a financial contract. You can understand it as the living sends the "wealth" of the earth to the bank of the underworld by burning paper money, chanting sutras, etc., to accumulate blessings for the deceased and avoid them. Suffering in the underworld, this ritual reflects people's imagination of life in the underworld during the Tang and Song Dynasties, and also reflects the rise of business and contract concepts in that era.

"Shousheng Jiku" is not only prepared for the deceased, but the living can also accumulate "deposits" for themselves in the underworld through this ceremony. People at that time believed that the underworld, like the earth, needs money to maintain life.

Through "deposit", the living can reserve a "deposit in the underworld" for themselves in advance to ensure that they can live a comfortable life in the underworld after death.

The secularization of netherworld culture

After the Han Dynasty, as the influence of Buddhism and Taoism gradually strengthened, the concept of the underworld became more complex. Taoism advocated becoming an immortal through cultivation and ascending to heaven, while Buddhism brought the concepts of hell judgment and reincarnation.

Under the influence of Buddhism, death is no longer a simple transformation, but becomes a judgment.

The concept of reincarnation in Buddhism is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The deceased must be judged by King Yama in the underworld, and based on their good and evil deeds during their lifetime, it is decided whether they will enter the paradise world or be reincarnated after being tortured.

Buddhism also brought the belief in Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, who was considered the master of the underworld and was responsible for saving the souls of the dead. Taoism worshiped Emperor Fengdu or Lord Taishan as the rulers of the underworld.

The fusion of the two religions formed China's unique "Ten Halls of Yama" trial system. The Ten Halls of Yama are responsible for different trials. The souls of the dead must be judged according to their behavior during their lifetime. Some people will go to hell to be tortured, while others will enter. Reincarnation, waiting for the next reincarnation.

Speaking of the underworld, everyone may be most familiar with the custom of burning paper money. In traditional Chinese culture, the dead also need money in the underworld, and the living send them "living expenses" in the underworld by burning paper money.

These paper money are not ordinary paper, but have been "transformed" into the currency of the underworld through a series of rituals.

You may be wondering, where does all the money burned for the deceased go?

According to folklore, the money will be deposited in the bank of Hades, and the deceased can use it to bribe officials of Hades or purchase supplies in the underworld. Officials of Hades are just like officials in the human world, collecting money to do things. As long as you burn the money With enough, the deceased can live a more comfortable life in the underworld.

This custom not only reflects people's concern for the deceased, but also reflects the reality of human society. In the world of the sun, money can solve many problems, and the same is true in the underworld. In this way, the living can help the deceased live a better life in the underworld. Good days to avoid their punishment in Hades.

So what will happen to ghosts when they die?

So, what happens to ghosts when they die? There is actually no clear answer to this question.

In traditional Chinese culture, ghosts are not immortal. Depending on different religions and beliefs, the souls of the deceased may experience different fates.

Some people become immortals through cultivation and ascend to heaven; some people enter reincarnation and wait for the next reincarnation. As for the money burned to the "Heaven and Earth Bank", it may just be a kind of emotional sustenance for the deceased.

In any case, death is not the end. In the Chinese view of life and death, life and death are a continuous cycle, and Hades is an important link in this cycle. It is not only the destination of the dead, but also the place between the living and the dead. bridge between.

References:

1. Where is the "money" burned for sacrifices stored: Ancient China's concept of the underworld and longevity belief 2023-02-07 11:25 · Beijing News

2. Liu Yimin commented on "Saving for the Afterlife: The Belief in Saving Life in the Treasury since the Song Dynasty" | Burning paper money for the living 2022-12-30 11:00·The Paper

3. Luan Baoqun talks about the underworld culture in ancient China 2018-04-15 11:36·The Paper

Harvard Business course 職場上的那些事如何完美處理？

GCIOSGF Newsletter 會訊

Host : WP

Edit:  OF

How to deal with workplace problems？

Stress management

Bring to mind a conflict at work, and you’ll probably have the perpetrator in mind: your incompetent boss, that passive-aggressive colleague, or the resource-hoarding peer in another department. We spend an inordinate amount of time complaining about these people, avoiding them, and fighting with them. But if you want to manage conflict in the workplace, you can’t start with someone else. Usually there isn’t just one culprit, and if you want less fighting and a more enjoyable, productive workplace, you have to understand your own role in it and what you can do to break a vicious cycle that starts with frustration and stress and ends with workplace wars.

Constant challenges breed frustration. A healthy dose of frustration can be good, leading to determination and creativity. Unfortunately, instead of the occasional obstacle at work, we are often buried in an avalanche of problems. We don’t have the resources we need to do our job, and the goalposts keep moving. We blame the relentless, do-more-with-less nature of our shortsighted, quarterly-results-driven business climate for our frustration, or we pin responsibility on unending change or corporate culture. Whatever the reason, many of us are chronically frustrated at work.

Toxic emotions are stressful. Chronic frustration often morphs into fear and anger — “destructive emotions” that serve as an early warning system that we’re in danger. When the alarm rings, our bodies go into high alert, adrenaline and hormones course through our veins, muscles tighten so that we can move quickly, hands sweat, and breathing and heart rates speed up. This would all be well and good if it happened infrequently and saved us from actual danger. Unfortunately, frustration, low-grade fear, irritation, and even rage are familiar companions at work. Many of us are hyperalert all the time. We don’t thrive physically, we are disengaged and unhappy at work, and our brains don’t work properly.

Stress feeds conflict — and conflict breeds anger, resentment, and unhappiness. It’s easy to fool ourselves into thinking that stress isn’t all bad. In fact, when we’re under pressure, we may perform well on routine, well-rehearsed tasks. But when we’re under chronic stress, our complex thinking, reasoning, and social skills all suffer. Our ability to process and use information is compromised, as is our judgment. We have more difficulty with being flexible or open to new ideas, and we start seeing things in simplistic ways. We overreact to minor irritants, and everything and everyone starts looking like a threat. In this state, we are more likely to cause problems than solve them — especially in relationships.

This is when the vicious cycle becomes an endless loop. We don’t think straight. We pick fights. People aren’t pleased, and they let us know. Stress escalates, and our reasoning and behavior suffer even more. We lash out, hide out, or opt out.

A Three-Step Process to Interrupt the Vicious Cycle

If you want to break this cycle and have fewer destructive conflicts at work, the first step is to become more aware of your feelings and reactions to pressure and stress. The second step is to consciously manage your emotions, and the third is to start seeing people as people, not as threats.

Step 1: Develop self-awareness. To interrupt the frustration-stress-conflict cycle, you need to begin by recognizing what causes you to feel thwarted, scared, or threatened and what drives you to the battleground. This sounds easy, but even well-intentioned people typically put self-reflection last on the list — there just aren’t enough hours in the day. Telling yourself you don’t have time or are not inclined to “work on yourself” will keep you stuck in a bunker mentality at work. Instead, make time and tap into curiosity and courage to try to figure out what kinds of situations (and people) send you into the stratosphere. The more you know about your triggers, the better you can control your emotions.

YOU AND YOUR TEAM SERIES

Conflict

How to Control Your Emotions During a Difficult Conversation

Amy Gallo

How Self-Managed Teams Can Resolve Conflict

Amit Maimon

Even Experienced Executives Avoid Conflict

Ron Ashkenas

Step 2: Employ emotional self-control. Once you’re aware of the emotions that are driving your behavior, you can employ another important emotional intelligence competency: emotional self-control. This is what enables us to check and channel our emotions so that we don’t get stuck in a permanent amygdala hijack. We can manage negative feelings, see reality through a clear lens, and stop lashing out when we feel threatened.

Step 3: Build friendships at work. To minimize stress and conflict at work, we need to replace “I, me, mine” with “We, us, ours.” We need to stop seeing each other in terms of what we can get, and replace it with what we can give. This shift would result in less stress and fewer negative emotions. It would also lead to warmer, friendlier relationships — something most people need and want at work.

Developing self-awareness, increasing your emotional self-control, and recharging relationships at work takes commitment, but you don’t have to remake yourself to improve how you deal with strife. Here are a few practical tips to help you with the above steps:

Build mindfulness practices into your daily life. Mindfulness practices like yoga, meditation, deep breathing, and taking a solitary walk are invaluable when it comes to developing self-awareness, learning to manage our emotions, and short-circuiting the stress response. The research is mounting by the day: Even a few minutes of slow, deep breathing several times a day helps us to clear our minds, calm down, and choose our actions more consciously.

Schedule time for self-reflection. Like mindfulness practices, self-reflection helps tremendously with self-awareness and self-control. It’s hard to find time to think about our viewpoints and actions in our always-on world, however. So start small. You might, for example, reserve 20 minutes at the end of each week to reflect on what went well and what didn’t. But remember: Don’t fall prey to the “beat myself up” trap and spend this time lamenting what you didn’t get done or what you should’ve done differently. All that does is engender more stress.

Lean in to your natural empathy and compassion. Concern for others, empathy, and compassion help us to survive and thrive. Like self-reflection, this muscle may not be one you use often at work. But you can get better pretty quickly if you make a point to ask yourself questions that help you understand others’ points of view. Try these:

What is he thinking and feeling about the situation?

How is she different from me? How are we the same?

What can I do to make him feel better about this situation and about me?

As you ask yourself these questions, remember that we all have a story — loves, sorrows, and joys in life and at work. And chances are that while another person’s story might seem different from yours, our human experiences are remarkably similar. As tempting as it is to blame others for our strife-ridden companies, the best way to make work a more enjoyable, productive experience is to lean in to our natural empathy, learn to care for ourselves and others, and take responsibility for our feelings and actions. by 

• Annie McKee

想到工作上的衝突，你可能會想到肇事者：你無能的老闆，那個消極攻擊的同事，或是另一個部門囤積資源的同事。我們花費過多的時間抱怨這些人、躲避他們、與他們爭吵。但如果你想管理工作場所的衝突，你不能從別人開始。通常罪魁禍首並不只有一個，如果你想要減少爭吵並擁有一個更愉快、更有成效的工作場所，你必須了解自己在其中的角色，以及你可以做些什麼來打破一個以沮喪和壓力開始並結束的惡性循環與職場戰爭。

持續的挑戰會滋生挫折感。一定程度的挫折是有好處的，可以帶來決心和創造力。不幸的是，我們在工作中並不是偶爾遇到障礙，而是經常被大量的問題所困擾。我們沒有完成工作所需的資源，而且目標不斷改變。我們將我們的挫敗感歸咎於短視、以季度業績為導向的商業環境的無情、少花錢多辦事的本質，或者我們將責任歸咎於無休止的變革或企業文化。無論出於何種原因，我們中的許多人都長期在工作中感到沮喪。

有毒的情緒會帶來壓力。長期的沮喪常常會演變成恐懼和憤怒——“破壞性情緒”，作為我們處於危險之中的早期預警系統。當警報響起時，我們的身體進入高度戒備狀態，腎上腺素和荷爾蒙在我們的靜脈中流動，肌肉收緊以便我們能夠快速移動，手上出汗，呼吸和心率加快。如果這種情況很少發生並且能夠使我們免受實際危險，那就太好了。不幸的是，挫折感、低級恐懼、惱怒，甚至憤怒是工作中常見的夥伴。我們中的許多人一直處於高度警覺的狀態。我們的身體不健康，工作不投入、不開心，大腦也無法正常運作。

壓力助長衝突－而衝突又會滋長憤怒、怨恨和不快樂。我們很容易欺騙自己，認為壓力不都是壞事。事實上，當我們面臨壓力時，我們可能會在例行的、經過充分排練的任務上表現出色。但當我們長期處於壓力之下時，我們的複雜思維、推理和社交技能都會受到影響。我們處理和使用資訊的能力受到損害，我們的判斷力也受到損害。我們更難以保持靈活性或接受新想法，並且開始以簡單化的方式看待事物。我們對輕微的刺激反應過度，一切事物和每個人都開始看起來像是威脅。在這種狀態下，我們更有可能製造問題而不是解決問題——尤其是在人際關係中。

這就是惡性循環變成無限循環的時候。我們不直接思考。我們挑釁。人們不高興，他們讓我們知道。壓力會不斷升級，我們的推理和行為會受到更大的影響。我們猛烈抨擊、躲藏或選擇退出。

中斷惡性循環的三步驟過程

如果你想打破這個循環並減少工作中的破壞性衝突，第一步就是更了解你對壓力和壓力的感受和反應。第二步是有意識地管理你的情緒，第三步是開始將人們視為人，而不是威脅。

第一步：培養自我意識。為了打破挫折-壓力-衝突的循環，你需要先認清是什麼讓你感到受挫、害怕或威脅，以及是什麼驅使你走向戰場。這聽起來很容易，但即使是善意的人通常也會把自我反思放在最後——一天中沒有足夠的時間。告訴自己你沒有時間或不願意「為自己工作」會讓你在工作中陷入困境。相反，騰出時間，發揮好奇心和勇氣，試著弄清楚什麼樣的情況（和人）會讓你進入平流層。您對觸發因素了解越多，就越能控制自己的情緒。

第二步：運用情緒自我控制。一旦你意識到驅動你行為的情緒，你就可以運用另一個重要的情緒智商能力：情緒自我控制。這使我們能夠檢查和引導我們的情緒，這樣我們就不會陷入永久性的杏仁核劫持。我們可以管理負面情緒，透過清晰的鏡頭看待現實，並在感到威脅時停止猛烈抨擊。

第三步：在工作中建立友誼。為了最大限度地減少工作中的壓力和衝突，我們需要用「我們，我們，我們的」來代替「我，我，我的」。我們需要停止以我們能得到什麼來看待彼此，而以我們能給予什麼來取代它。這種轉變會減少壓力和負面情緒。它還會帶來更溫暖、更友好的關係——這是大多數人在工作中需要和想要的。

發展自我意識、增強情緒自控力以及在工作中重新建立人際關係都需要付出努力，但你不必重塑自己來改善處理衝突的方式。以下是一些實用技巧，可協助您完成上述步驟：

將正念練習融入您的日常生活中。瑜珈、冥想、深呼吸和獨自散步等正念練習對於發展自我意識、學習管理情緒和縮短壓力反應非常有價值。研究與日俱增：即使是每天數次緩慢深呼吸幾分鐘，也能幫助我們理清思緒、平靜下來，並更有意識地選擇我們的行動。

安排自我反思的時間。就像正念練習一樣，自我反思對自我意識和自我控制有很大幫助。然而，在我們這個永遠在線的世界裡，很難找到時間來思考我們的觀點和行為。所以從小事做起。例如，您可以在每週結束時預留 20 分鐘來反思哪些進展順利，哪些進展不佳。但請記住：不要陷入「打敗自己」的陷阱，並花時間哀嘆自己沒有完成的事情或應該以不同的方式做的事情。這樣做只會帶來更多的壓力。

依靠你天生的同理心和同情心。對他人的關懷、同理心和同情心有助於我們生存和發展。就像自我反省一樣，這塊肌肉可能不是你在工作中經常使用的肌肉。但如果你主動問自己一些問題來幫助你理解別人的觀點，你很快就能變得更好。試試這些：

他對這種情況有什麼想法和感覺？

她和我有什麼不同？我們怎麼一樣？

我該怎麼做才能讓他對這種情況和我感覺更好？

當你問自己這些問題時，請記住，我們都有一個故事——生活和工作中的愛、悲傷和歡樂。雖然另一個人的故事可能與你的故事不同，但我們人類的經驗很可能非常相似。儘管很容易將我們充滿衝突的公司歸咎於他人，但讓工作變得更加愉快、富有成效的體驗的最佳方法是依靠我們天生的同理心，學會關心自己和他人，並對我們的感受負責和行動。

Harvard Business ：Who are the change seekers in company culture?

GCIOSGF Newsletter 會訊：

Merry Reading Time玩咖悦讀匯

Host : WP

Edit:  OF 

何者是公司文化的求變者？

by 

• Ursula Kralova  

• from Harvard Business 

Whether or not you believe the  Great Resignation is upon us, it’s safe to assume that how we think about attracting, retaining, and nurturing employees needs to change in light of the upheaval caused by the pandemic. Much of that change will start with company culture — a word that has taken on new meaning this past year.

Culture is an aspect of work particularly important to Gen Z, many of whom are just now entering the workforce after having spent the past two years grappling with the impacts of Covid, as well as social and political injustices around the world. Combined, these events have driven their desire to instill meaning and uprising  into all areas of their lives — including their work.

Fortunately, Gen Z has strong advocates at the top who feel the same. Millennials, another generation known for seeking purpose in their jobs, have now moved into management roles. In fact, more than 60% of millennials now have direct reports, giving them the opportunity to drive real change within their organizations and on the teams they lead.

If you’re among those leading the charge, you may wonder where to start, especially if you are in a management role for the first time. As you consider ways to foster a more meaningful work environment, one that helps your team members grow as both employees and as people, remember that incremental change often has a long-lasting impact.

With more than 20 years of experience leading teams at organizations like McKinsey, T-Mobile, and now at Bloomreach, I’ve seen firsthand how small changes beget large cultural shifts. More specifically, there are five key steps you can take that are likely to have a big impact on your company culture.

1. Unlock The Power of Transparency

For generations that have grown up with all the world’s knowledge just a click away, access to information is important. Your team members will likely place high value on organizations that are transparent about both their successes and business challenges — as well as the roadmap between the two.

As a manager, there a few ways you can be transparent.

First, be as open as you can about the inner workings of your business. Your direct reports should understand what’s driving your decisions as a leader and what part their contributions play in the larger organizational strategy. Once your company sets its quarterly goals, for example, schedule one-on-one meetings with each of your team members and explain how their individual responsibilities fit into the big picture. Then, leave room for questions and feedback. Do they understand why their role is important to the organization’s overall success? Do they see other ways to contribute?

Next, don’t hide business challenges from your team, but do keep in mind that this kind of transparency requires balance. Avoid stating problems without offering some kind of proposed solution or plan of action — otherwise, you risk inciting unnecessary panic. If you remain level-headed and place your focus on the path forward, your team will likely follow suit.

For instance, if you work in sales and lose a big deal, be honest. Provide context and explain how you plan to recover. You might say, “Our competitors won the deal over us this time, but here’s what we learned and what we’re going to change to ensure that doesn’t happen again.”

Finally, when sharing valuable information, remind your team that knowledge comes with responsibility. If you say it’s confidential, then it must remain so. The trust that comes with transparency is a two-way street.

2. Trust Employees To Be Productive From Anywhere

This past year, companies around the world were able to see just how efficient their employees can be without the structure of an office. The freedom to work from anywhere not only allows your people greater balance and flexibility, it also cultivates a culture of trust. It is a way to signal to your employees that you have confidence in their ability to perform even without a manager looking over their shoulder.

Though you may not have control over your company’s work-from-policy, this level of trust can still be achieved in an office. The trick is to focus on outcomes as opposed to hours worked. Try giving your employees the freedom to manage their own projects and schedules, so long as they reach their goals, meet expectations, and deliver results on time.

You can lead by example by making your own calendar open. Schedule gym time or short breaks during your less productive hours, even if those hours are in the middle of the day. Demonstrate that outcomes matter more than the time spent at a desk.

3. Emphasize Autonomy

Today’s employees have big aspirations and no shortage of ambition. If you give them independence and autonomy at work, you’ll stoke that drive rather than stifling it. Once you’ve created an environment where people can thrive — get out of their way.

A manager’s role should be to remove obstacles and provide useful feedback or coaching. The more you can empower your team to figure things out on their own, the more those employees will feel pride and find meaning in the work they’re contributing.

For example, try to share your experiences instead of giving answers when offering learnings to your team. Let them judge if and how your experience might fit into the situation they are trying to solve. It can often be a springboard to an even better idea. This approach keeps people in the driver’s seat as they search for a solution.

4. Explain What Your Company Is Doing For The Greater Good

In a survey from Monster, 74% of Gen Z ranked purpose as more important than a paycheck at work, so show employees the impact your company aims to have on the world. What gives your work meaning, on a large or small scale?

Your answer may come from the impact you’re having on society or the ways in which your product revolutionizes the space you’re in. It may also come from the impact your company has on its employees’ lives: creating meaningful jobs within a community, centering itself as a career launch pad for new graduates, or establishing an inclusive work environment that encourages all to grow and learn.

If you’re struggling to answer this question, think about what you can do as a leader to make your work more purposeful. Can you introduce mentoring programs for your interns or junior team members? Can you partner with nearby universities and offer guest lectures? Can you promote ways for your team to lend their professional expertise to volunteer organizations or small businesses?

5. Focus on The Whole Employee

As established earlier, our jobs are no longer confined to the hours of 9 to 5, nor are they restricted to the four walls of an office. Employees want to know that you recognize the strain this can cause and are actively trying to help. From free therapy and counseling to additional time off or employee fitness programs, there are a myriad of ways you can focus on the whole employee, helping them succeed not only in their professional lives but in their personal lives too.

As a new manager, you can also take smaller, more immediate actions to let your team know you are prioritizing their wellbeing, such as making it clear that you’re logging off at a decent hour and you expect the same from them, promoting “Meeting-Free Mondays,” or encouraging team members to take mental health days as needed (no questions asked).

After decades of enduring company cultures that often seem stale or out of touch, the time has arrived for real change — a new evolution of culture that emphasizes trust, purpose, mission, and employee wellbeing. If you’re finally in a position to affect real change, don’t miss your opportunity.

The results are Millennial Managers Can Change Company Culture for the Better

台北時尚蔬食薈2023-2024月例會活動

歡迎加入時尚蔬食薈吃蔬食救地球活動

別以為暖化問題不嚴重，小心萬物被燒滅

GCIOSGF Newsletter 會訊：

Speech:WP

Edit： OF

親愛的時尚食薈會長幹部們暨所有會員們

在此，總會想藉此機會向時尚蔬食薈會長們和全體幹部會員們表達最誠摯的感謝。感謝您們和全體會員的辛勤付出與無私奉獻，您們每次承辦的月例會活動都緊扣宗旨：節能減碳，友善環境，吃蔬食救地這個永續時尚的理念，大家的共同努力讓我們的蔬食會不但得以順利成立，且讓每位參與者深了自己的生存使命：身為地球人需努力維護地球的純綠！就因有利地球，積福家人的單純善信，在會長暨團隊和大家的共同努力下，吸引了志同道合的大家加入這個利己利他的時尚蔬食薈。在總會，各會長和大家的共同努力於互相支持下，各項活動得以順利開展，即提升了大家對蔬食文化的認識，也促進了大家的凝聚力。總會再次感謝各會長及所有加入蔬食薈的幹部會員們，因為有您們，蔬食薈的每次活動才更加圓滿，我們吃蔬食救地球的理念才得以開枝散葉。

目前全球都在進行救地球降溫運動，目前地球因過度使用開發，浪費，已不堪負荷，氣候暖化越來越嚴重，兩年前歐盟等所提出的要達到1.5度C 似乎永遠遙不可及，10月9日總會長在世界投資週論壇中記下了台灣碳權交易所田總經理所講出來的數據：不是每棵樹都能吸收二氧化碳，台灣只有相思樹可以，且只有6-10年的樹才可以吸收非常少的二氧化碳，古樹根本無此功能，現在台灣和全世界所要努力達成的降溫目標是不要升溫至3度。因為到3·3度，全球就會灰飛煙滅，目前的溫度在2·6c 。這些數據在在說明吃蔬食是最有效，最省錢最容易做到的節能減排，防止地球暖化的方式。因此，我們GCIOSGF時尚蔬食薈做了最時尚最永續最友善地球的事，它不但有利地球，有利國家，有利動物，有利環境，它更有利自己與家人的健康和福份！總會堅信這個吃蔬食救地球的話題與活動只會越來越夯，永不退流行。因此，各會長和其團體需承擔起管理推廣整個GCIOSGF時尚蔬食薈吃蔬食救地球的意義非凡的活動團體責任，相信在會長們和其團隊的總籌和帶領下能夠延續其宗旨，更進一步推動拓展，時尚蔬食薈將會有更多創新與突破，和得到更多人的響應與參與。讓我們的友善地球，健康自己的理念越來越深入人心，越多人加入這個時尚過生活，永續救地球，潮健康的蔬食薈，那麼淨零，降低暖化，Go green 就不是一個無法達成目標的口號！

讓我們共同努力，攜手推動蔬食救地球，潮健康，正時尚的活動與發展，為舒適的環境和健康長壽的生活方式貢獻一己之力。期待未來的每一個成就，都是我們共同努力的結果。

謝謝大家！

敬祝  

GCIOSGF時尚蔬食會會務繁榮昌盛興旺！

GCIOSGF總會會長

Dear Fashion Veggie Clubs’ presidents, leaders and all members

Here, we would like to take this opportunity to express our most sincere gratitude to the presidents and all leaders and members of Fashion Veggie Club. Thank you and all members for your hard work and selfless dedication. Each monthly meeting held by you closely adheres to the purpose: energy saving and carbon reduction, friendliness to the environment, and the sustainable and fashionable concept of eating vegetables to save the earth, and strive to make our Fashion Veggie Clubs was not only successfully established, but also allowed each participant to understand our own survival mission: as earthlings, we must work hard to maintain the pure greenness of the earth! Because it is good for the earth, the simple benevolence of Accumulating blessings for our families , with the joint efforts of the president, team and everyone, has attracted like-minded people to join the fashion veggie club-gathering that benefits both self and others. At the federation of GCIOSGF with the joint efforts of the presidents and everyone and mutual support, various activities were carried out smoothly, which not only enhanced everyone’s understanding of vegetarian culture, but also promoted everyone‘s cohesion. Once again, the presidents of the Federation GCIOSGF and all the cadres and members who have joined Fashion Veggie Clubs,because of you, every activity of GCIOSGF Fashion Veggie Clubs  is more successful, and our concept of eating vegetables to save the earth can be spread.

The world is currently engaged in a global cooling campaign. The earth is currently overloaded due to overuse, development, and waste. Climate warming is getting more and more serious. The goal of reaching 1.5 degrees Celsius proposed by the European Union and others two years ago seems to be forever out of reach. On October 9, the president of GCIOSGF noted the data given by General Manager Tian of the Taiwan Carbon Solution Exchange at the World Investment Week Forum: Not every tree can absorb carbon dioxide. Only acacia trees in Taiwan can, and only 6-10 year-old trees can absorb very little carbon dioxide, but the old trees can’t. Ancient trees have no such function at all. The cooling goal that Taiwan and the world must strive to achieve is not to raise the temperature to 3 degrees. Because at 3.3 degrees, the world will be wiped out. The current temperature is 2.6 degrees Celsius. These data prove that eating a vegetable diet is the most effective, cheapest and easiest way to save energy, reduce emissions, and prevent global warming. Therefore, our GCIOSGF fashionable vegetable food gathering has done the most fashionable, sustainable and earth-friendly thing. It is not only beneficial to the earth, the country, animals, and the environment, but it is also beneficial to the health and well-being of ourselves and our families! I always firmly believe that this topic and activity of eating vegetables to save the earth will only become more and more popular and will never go out of fashion. Therefore, the presidents and their groups need to take on the responsibility of managing and promoting the entire GCIOSGF Fashion Vegetarian Gathering, a meaningful activity group that eats vegetables to save the earth. I believe that under the general planning and leadership of the presidents and their teams, all can continue our purpose. By further promoting the expansion, Fashion Veggie Clubs will have more innovations and breakthroughs, and receive more responses and participation from people. Let our concepts of being kind to the earth and healthy ourselves become more and more popular among the people. The more people join this fashionable life, sustainably save the earth, and trend healthy vegetarian meals gatherings, then net zero and reduce global warming, Go green will not be an impossible to achievable goals!

Let us work together to promote vegetarianism to save the earth, promote healthy and fashionable activities and development, and contribute to a comfortable environment and a healthy and long-lived lifestyle. We look forward to every achievement in the future being the result of our joint efforts.

Thank you all!

右台灣碳權交易所田總經理

Best wishes

GCIOSGF Fashion Veggie Clubs’ events are prosperous and prosperous!

From GCIOSGF General President