全素或純素Vegan or pure vegan

 GCIOSGF Newsletter 會訊：（中英文）

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In Taiwan, "vegan" and "pure vegan" are essentially synonyms in everyday language and food labeling, referring to a plant-based diet completely free of animal products and the five pungent spices (garlic, onions, leeks, and asarum).

According to the Ministry of Health and Welfare's "Regulations on Labelling Packaged Foods Claiming to be Vegan," both are categorized under "vegan" or "pure vegan."

Definition and Standards for "Vegan/Pure Vegan":

What to Avoid:

Meat and Seafood: All livestock, poultry, fish, and shellfish.

Animal By-products: Eggs, milk, dairy products, honey, animal fats, gelatin, carmine, etc.

The Five Pungent Spices:

Onions, garlic, leeks (including leeks, leek sprouts, and leek flowers), wild leeks (such as buckwheat leeks), and asafoetida (fermented asafoetida).

What You Can Eat:

Grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, mushrooms, nuts, and vegetable oils. Subtle Psychological or Ideological Differences (Differences in Daily Use)

Although the terms "vegan" and "vegan" are often used interchangeably in Taiwanese regulations and menus, there are subtle differences in perception among certain groups:

Vegan (leaning towards religious and dietary aspects): The term is often related to religious vegetarianism in Taiwan (Buddhism, Taoism), emphasizing "not eating animals and not eating the five pungent vegetables (because their strong smells interfere with spiritual practice)."

Vegan (leaning towards the Western concept of veganism): Often extends to a lifestyle attitude. It's not limited to avoiding eggs and dairy in the diet; it also includes refusing to use animal fur, leather, silk, honey, or refusing to buy products that have undergone animal testing.

Quick Reference Chart for Common Vegetarian Food Categories

Vegetarian Type | Meat/Seafood | Eggs | Milk/Dairy Products | Five Spices (Onions, Garlic, etc.)

Vegan/Pure Vegan | ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘

Ovo-Vegan | ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘

Lati-Vegan | ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘

Lati-Ovo-Vegan | ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘

Plant-Based Five Spices | ✘ Optional Optional ✔

在台灣的日常用語與食品標示中，「全素」與「純素」基本上是同義詞，指的是完全不含動物性成分與五辛的植物性飲食。

根據衛福部「包裝食品宣稱為素食之標示規定」，兩者合併歸類為「全素或純素」。 

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「全素／純素」的定義與規範

不吃什麼：
• 肉類與海鮮： 所有家畜、家禽、魚貝類。
• 動物副產品： 雞蛋、牛奶、乳製品、蜂蜜、動物油脂、明膠、胭脂紅等。
• 植物五辛： 蔥、蒜、韭（含韭菜、韭黃、韭菜花）、薤（如蕗蕎）、興渠（阿魏）。 
可以吃什麼：
• 五穀雜糧、蔬菜、水果、豆類、菇類、堅果與植物油。 

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細微的心理或理念差異（日常使用上的區別）

雖然在台灣法規與菜單上，全素與純素常混用，但在部分族群的認知裡有細微差別：

全素（偏向宗教與飲食本體）：
• 詞源常與台灣的宗教茹素（佛教、道教）有關，著重於「不吃動物、不吃五辛（因五辛氣味重、影響清修）」。 
純素（偏向西方 Vegan 概念）：
• 常延伸至生活態度。不僅限於飲食不碰蛋奶，還會拒絕使用動物皮草、皮革、絲綢、蜂蜜，或拒絕購買有進行動物實驗的產品。

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常見素食分類快速對照表

素食類型	肉類/海鮮	雞蛋	牛奶/乳製品	五辛（蔥蒜等）
全素／純素	✘	✘	✘	✘
蛋素	✘	✔	✘	✘
奶素	✘	✘	✔	✘
奶蛋素	✘	✔	✔	✘
植物五辛素	✘	可有	可有	✔